In 1984, Rodan and Kathy Fields met during their dermatology residency at Stanford University School of Medicine. In 1995, they developed Proactiv Solution as a skincare treatment for acne.

Born to Bernardine Pregerson, a microbiology professor, and her husband Harry Pregerson, a federal appeals court judge, Rodan was raised in Los Angeles. She earned her undergraduate degree in history from the University of Virginia and her medical degree from the University of Southern California School of Medicine. She completed her internship at Los Angeles County Hospital and in 1987 completed her residency in dermatology at Stanford University School of Medicine, where she was also appointed chief resident.

In 2002, they launched Rodan + Fields. In 2003, Rodan + Fields was purchased by Estée Lauder. In 2006, the company moved to direct sales and multi-level marketing. In 2007, Rodan and Fields bought back the brand from Estée Lauder.

Rodan is an adjunct clinical assistant professor of dermatology at Stanford University and has a private practice in medical, surgical, and cosmetic dermatology. In 2008, she was named a top Doctor in the East Bay by Oakland Magazine. Rodan is often featured in print and broadcast media as an expert in dermatology, particularly cosmetic dermatology. She has been interviewed and quoted in media, including Fox Business News, Shape Magazine, O Magazine, Women's Health, Redbook, Allure, and Cosmopolitan.