Singh was born on December 10, 1995, in Baloke, a village located in the Barnala district of Punjab, India that had a population of only about 800, in a Sikh family. Both Singh's Father, Balbir, and his paternal grandfather were wheat farmers and millers, and the family's house was located four miles from the closest paved road. In the mid-1980s, while in his childhood, Singh's Father became the tallest person in his village and his tremendous height caused the general public to advise him to start playing basketball in cities that had the proper facilities. The sport received little interest in India compared to cricket, field hockey, and soccer, however, and his Father denied these overtures and wanted his son to follow his footsteps as a farmer. Balbir stayed in his hometown and was elected head of the village. He married and had three children, the middle child being Satnam.

In the summer of 2009, a 13-year old Singh received an invitation to try-out for the Indian youth national basketball team, who were set to play at the 2009 FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. He accepted the offer after his coach supported the idea, and he made the squad. However, he failed to dominate the more skilled opposition and was awarded little playing time throughout each game. After finishing with a win/loss record of 3-4, India finished 10th place in a tournament among 16 teams, and Singh's team was defeated by as many as 74 points against China, who went on to claim the title.

Nevertheless, Singh was later awarded a scholarship under the IMGR basketball training academy and shifted to Bradenton, Florida in September 2010. Despite knowing no English at the time, he was one of 29 student-athletes—male and female combined—to be selected to train at IMG Academy. During the 2014–15 season, he averaged 9.2 points, 8.4 rebounds and 2.2 blocks in less than 20 minutes per game for IMG, the No. 2 ranked team in the country. However, due to his limited English skills, Singh lacked the grades necessary to receive any scholarships to play in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Singh has also represented the India national basketball team at the 2011 FIBA Asia Championship and the 2013 FIBA Asia Championship. He rejoined the Indian National team for the 2017 FIBA Asia Championship.

In July 2015, Singh joined the Mavericks for the 2015 NBA Summer League. On October 31, 2015, he was acquired by the Texas Legends, the D-League affiliate of the Mavericks. On November 13, 2015, he made his professional debut in a 104–82 loss to the Austin Spurs, recording four points, three rebounds and one assist in nine minutes. On February 5, 2016, he had a season-best game with six points and six rebounds in 22 minutes of action as a starter in a 136–80 loss to Raptors 905. He appeared in 9 games (two starts) for the Legends in 2015–16, averaging 1.5 points and 1.5 rebounds in 7.9 minutes per game.

On October 30, 2016, Singh was reacquired by the Texas Legends. After playing for the Texas Legends in the 2016-17 NBA D-League season, he joined the Dallas Mavericks for the 2017 NBA Summer League.

In 2018, Singh played for the LNM Institute of Information Technology college.